Discuss Marxism in the discussion of political science.
Discuss Marxism in the discussion of political science.
Marxist Perspectives on Political Science Discussions: -
Introduction: -
One of the modern approaches to the discussion of political science is the Marxist view. Marxism has analyzed the political life of society and people in a scientific way from a different point of view. According to Marxism, conflict always exists in society. This conflict is the conflict of different class interests in the society. People's political life revolves around this conflict. In Marxist philosophy, the state is a superstructure of society. And the mainstay of this superstructure is the economy. Speaking of politics, Lenin said that politics is the interrelationship of classes; The basis of that relationship is economics.
The state is a superficial structure: -
The structure is the sum of all the institutions within the state, the military system, the police, the judiciary, education, literature, culture, religion, philosophy, and so on. The mainstay of this superstructure is the economy. In this case, productivity determines the dynamics of political action. The political life of the people is formed on the basis of this system of production. This political life is influenced and governed by the state.
The role of economy in the state system: -
In Marxist political philosophy, economics has been recognized as the most important thing in people's political life. The state, political life and economy are inextricably linked. So the discussion of economics is very relevant when it comes to analyzing political life. It is not possible to discuss economics and politics differently. According to Marxists, the mainstay of all parts of the state superstructure is the economy.
The role of politics in controlling the economy: -
In Marxist philosophy, the economy is said to be the main controller of the state superstructure, but politics can control this economy in reverse. In this context Lenin said - Politics must take precedence over economics. . The economy of a state is formed by the combination of state structure and politics. Economy as a part of every political system determines the characteristics of the society-infrastructure.
Society is an indivisible whole entity: -
Marxism is a worldview; Therefore, Marxism does not discuss any particular part of society in isolation. Marxists consider it irrational and whimsical to discuss politics, economics, culture and other state structures within society in isolation. According to Marxism, society is a whole entity; Therefore, all sections of the society should be integrated in the discussion.
Historical materialism: -
Human society has evolved from primitive society to modern society. Historical materialism is the analysis of the evolution of society in a scientific way. Marxism, with the help of scientific method, analyzes the trend of social development in a rational way and examines, observes and makes general decisions about the driving force behind this evolution.
Conflicting materialism: -
According to Marxism, society is always changing and evolving. In this increasingly social context conflict of production relations with the productive forces is created. This is the beginning of revolution in society. This revolution brought about significant changes in every structure of society. In this way the society was transformed from primitive society to privet ownership , then to slave and feudal society, from that to capitalist and monarchical society and from that to democratic society and in modern times to liberal democracy.
Marxism in the context of history: -
Marxists have emphasized on history while analyzing the trend of social change. Therefore, they do not consider history as just a story of a king or a war or the rise and fall of an empire. According to Marxists, history helps in the scientific discussion of social evolution by identifying the main driving force of social development in the course of evolution.
Scientific validity of Marxism: -
Of all the other methods of political analysis, Marxism is the only scientific approach. With the help of the discussion of Marxism, the trend of social development can be accurately analyzed. In this context, Engels says, Marxism is not a fixed concept; Marxism is a method and research method by which the political life of the people can be scientifically explained.
Mobility: -
People's political life is dynamic along with society. So Marxism did not want to confine its field of discussion to any boundaries. With the evolution of the age, Marxism has gained experience from that evolution and enriched the political discourse. Marxism collects data from a changing society and applies it to the discussion of political science.
Communism and the dictatorship of the proletariat: -
Lenin considered political class struggle to be very important for the establishment of communism in society. The main condition for the establishment of a socialist state is the occupation of state power by the peasants, workers and the proletariat. Only then will the real capitalist and feudal system come to an end. In the feudal system there are two classes - the privileged and the disenfranchised. This class inequality will come to an end if the dictatorship of the proletariat is established.
In conclusion, Marxism as a whole analyzes the evolutionary trend of society on the basis of history, evolution and scientific methods and discusses the structure of the state as a whole instead of discussing it one by one. At the same time, there is talk of class and class struggle in the society, communism, socialist state and establishment of dictatorship of the proletariat.
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