Powers and functions of the President of the United States of America.
Powers and functions of the President of the United States of America.
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Powers and functions of the President of the United States of America.
The President of the United States has special constitutional and political powers. He is the supreme head of the executive branch. According to Professor G.F. Strong, no other democratic country in the world has a head of state with the same powers as the US President. On the one hand, the framers of the US Constitution wanted to see the US President as a strong ruler, and on the other hand, the international events of the last century have established the US President at the pinnacle of power.
1. The highest official of the central government: -
Article 2(1) of the US Constitution vests all the powers related to the governance of the United States in the hands of the President. He is the highest official in the executive branch. He coordinates the arrangement of the administrative structure, determination and decision-making of administrative policies, issuance of administrative orders, etc. and supervises the work of administrative agencies.
2. Powers of Appointment: -
According to the US Constitution, the President appoints federal court judges, diplomatic envoys, cabinet members, trade representatives and other important officials, subject to the approval of the Senate. The US Congress can enact laws and delegate the power to appoint lower-ranking government employees to the President.
3. Powers to control the army: -
The President is the commander-in-chief of the country's army as the head of state. The President has the power to take all measures necessary for the country's defense system. The President can appoint and remove army and navy officers with the approval of the Senate. In addition, the US President has the power to make the highest military decisions during war.
4. Special Powers during War: -
The power of the US President increases greatly during wartime. He can establish a systematic dictatorship during wartime. The US President has the highest and unassailable power in all areas such as the number of troops, sending troops, war policy, use of weapons, forming military alliances - etc.
5. Powers related to foreign policy: -
The US President has important powers in foreign affairs. According to the Constitution, the President appoints ambassadors and trade representatives. He receives ambassadors from other countries and concludes foreign treaties. He is the sole representative of the nation in foreign policy and the main figure in establishing diplomatic relations.
6. Powers at the time of emergency: -
The US President has some special powers in times of emergency or crisis. When an emergency arises, his executive power and authority increase. Although the Constitution does not specifically say anything about emergencies; still the US Congress and the people have accepted this special power of the US President.
7. Legislative Powers: -
In the presidential United States, the principle of separation of powers has been applied. Therefore, in theory, the US President is not supposed to have legislative powers. But in practice, the US President also has important powers in legislative matters. According to Article 2 of the US Constitution, the President can send a message to Congress about the state of the country and can call a special session of Congress.
8. Power to veto: -
The US President can refuse to approve a bill. This is called his Veto power. The President returns the bill with objections within 10 days. But if it is passed by two-thirds majority in both houses of Congress, the bill becomes a law without the President's consent.
9. Financial Power: -
The President has to submit an estimate of income and expenditure for the entire year to Congress. He can also submit a request for supplementary expenditure and appropriations. The Director of the Congressional Budget Office is appointed by the President and works under the control of the President.
10. Power to issue executive orders: -
At present, due to the large increase in the number and complexity of laws, it is not possible for Congress to formulate all laws in detail. Therefore, the President can issue executive orders or ordinances to fill the gaps in the laws made by Congress. All these orders are effective as laws.
11. Power to form commissions: -
The US President can form temporary commissions in certain areas in important problems. Then the President exerts influence on the Commission so that it makes recommendations in accordance with the President's intention.
12. Judicial Power: -
As the Head of State and Head of the Executive Branch, the President exercises judicial power at his own discretion. He appoints the Justices of the Supreme Court. The President can temporarily suspend the sentence of any person. However, this power of the President does not apply to a person accused of violating the laws of the State.
13. Role as a Party Leader:-
The role of the President as the leader of his own party is also very important. Due to party leadership, the authority of his party is in his hands. In this way, he controls his party and Congress. He is the representative of his party throughout the country.
14. Role as a World Leader:-
At present, the leadership of the President of the United States has been definitely accepted in the international political arena. The US President provides significant leadership in various areas such as various international organizations, various international problems, etc. throughout the world. The current world is unipolar and the US President, as the main leader and controller of this unipolar world, plays the role of a leader of the whole world.
However, it must be said that the power and status of the President largely depend on the personality of the President and the contemporary situation. The role of strong-willed presidents like Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Roosevelt has made the position of the US President a position of world leader.
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