Results of the July Revolution 1830.
Results of the July Revolution 1830.
Consequences of July Revolution.
.png)
Impact of July Revolution in France and Europe.
The July Revolution of 1830 was a turning point in the history of France and the whole of Europe. The July Revolution ended the long-standing Bourbon rule in France and the hereditary monarchy on the throne of France was abolished.
However, Dr. Robinson and Beard do not agree to call the July Revolution a turning point or a revolution. According to them, the July Revolution brought very little change in the social and political fields of France and Europe; therefore, it should not be called a revolution. Also, the historian Cobban called the July Revolution a "conservative revolution".
There was no significant change in the political field of France through the July Revolution. No new constitution was introduced, the republic was not established, and the power of the middle bourgeoisie was established. Therefore, the majority of historians identify the change of dynasty as the only significant change as a result of the July Revolution.
However, the results of the July Revolution can be divided into two parts-
(a) The impact of the July Revolution in France and
(b) The impact of the July Revolution in Europe.
(a) The impact of the July Revolution in France:-
1. The fall of the Bourbon monarchy:-
After the fall of Napoleon, Charles X of the Bourbon dynasty seized the throne of France through the Vienna Conference 1815. But the July Revolution ended the long-standing ruling power of the Bourbon dynasty and Louis Philippe of the Orleans dynasty seized the throne of France. In addition, all kinds of constitutional and special powers of the Bourbon dynasty ended.
2. The end of the hereditary monarchy:-
With the fall of the Bourbon dynasty, the long-standing tradition of hereditary monarchy was also abolished. The Bourbon dynasty lost all its powers and became just a political group.
3. Reflection of the will of the people: -
The first reflection of the will of the people can be seen through the July Revolution. Because, although Louis Philippe was not elected by the people, he took the pledge to run the monarchy according to the constitutional provisions. Therefore, this event can be called a constitutional monarchy.
4. Establishment of the supremacy of the bourgeoisie: -
Through the July Revolution, the absolute dominance of the bourgeoisie was established in the legislative and administrative departments of France. But after gaining the power of government, the bourgeoisie started using the state machinery for their own interests. As a result, the majority of the third estate people in France were deprived of their rights. The anger that arose among the common people about the administration was soon considered a significant reason for the February Revolution.
5. Change in voting rights: -
During the reign of Louis XVIII, only those who paid a minimum of 300 francs in taxes had the right to vote. But after the July Revolution, during the reign of Louis Philippe, those who paid a minimum tax of 200 francs instead of 300 francs were given the right to vote. Although this change may not seem significant at first glance, it was a major victory of the revolution given the circumstances of the time.
6. Severe blow to feudalism: -
The reforms of the July Revolution dealt a severe blow to the feudal system prevailing in France. Since the radical monarchists were eliminated in France through the July Revolution; as a result, feudalism in France quickly fell.
7. Decrease in the power of the clergy: -
After the July Revolution, the power of the clergy in France was greatly reduced. The strong power that the clergy had previously had in the state system and policy-making, the education system, and the social and economic fields came to an end. In addition, the political powers that the clergy had gained were abolished. The possibility of propaganda and conspiracy by the clergy as a preventive measure against the spread of free thought was eliminated.
8. Constitutional changes: -
Previously, according to Article 14 of the French Constitution, the king had the right to declare an ordinance in a state of emergency. But after the July Revolution, the king's power to issue ordinances was completely taken away. The real power of the legislative and executive branches was vested in the hands of the bourgeoisie.
9. Beginning of the end of the Metternich system: -
After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Austrian Prime Minister Prince Metternich implemented various reactionary policies aimed at establishing conservatism and the old regime throughout Europe. But with the accession of Louis Philippe to the throne, the " preservation of monarchy" of the Vienna Congress was disregarded. Thus, the initial collapse of the Metternich system began.
10. Introduction of Factory Law:-
Although the industrial revolution brought a lot of money to the capitalists, the workers were exploited and deprived. Socialist Louis Blanc started a movement demanding the rights of the workers. Under the pressure of their intense movement, the Louis Philippe government was forced to introduce the Factory Law in 1841 in the interests of the workers.
(b) Impact of the July Revolution in Europe:-
The results of the July Revolution were far-reaching throughout Europe. Even after the July Revolution, Metternich was determined to maintain conservatism and the old system throughout Europe. On the other hand, Louis Philippe was indifferent to reforms; he wanted to maintain the status quo. However, it must be admitted that the liberal and progressive ideals born of the French Revolution regained their life through the July Revolution.
1. A large part of Poland had been under Russia and to some extent under Prussia. When the Bourbon dynasty fell as a result of the July Revolution, a nationalist movement started in Poland as well.
2. In 1815, the independence of Belgium was lost through the Treaty of Vienna. Belgium was included in the Dutch or Holland. But with the fall of the Bourbon dynasty, an anti-Dutch movement began in Belgium, and an uprising took place on August 25, 1830, and Belgium declared independence on October 4.
3. In Germany, movements demanding liberal reforms began in the regions of Kassel, Leipzig, Brunswick, etc.
4. After the end of the Bourbon dynasty, the Carbonari and other secret societies in Italy became more active and demanded the end of foreign rule.
5. In addition, influenced by the success of the July Revolution, the movements demanding a liberal constitution also began in Switzerland, Sweden, Portugal, etc. and several progressive changes were achieved.
6. Previously, Norway was under Sweden. But after the July Revolution, intense movements demanding autonomy began in Norway.
7. The Chartist movement began in England. This movement was basically a movement to establish workers' rights. The movement started with a total of 6 demands that included workers' interests in the Charter.
8. Both Spain and Portugal started movements demanding the introduction of a democratic constitution and became democratic states.
Finally, it can be said that although the July Revolution could not fulfill the hopes and aspirations of the people, it revived the revolutionary ideas, progressivism and the ideals of democracy born from the French Revolution. Therefore, it would not be an exaggeration to identify the rise of the February Revolution in 1814 as an indirect effect of the July Revolution.
0 comments