The role of Giuseppe Mazzini in the Italian unification.
The role of Giuseppe Mazzini in the Italian unification.
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The role of Giuseppe Mazzini in the Italian unification.
The historian Grenville has commented on the role of Giuseppe Mazzini in the Italian unification movement - ''The intellectual apostle of republican unity.'' . Giuseppe Mazzini was inspired by patriotism since childhood. He believed in the sovereignty of the people and also believed that the help of any foreign power was not needed to remove Austrian rule from Italy. Only the united youth of the country was able to get rid of Austrian rule from Italy.
1. Mazzini's ideology: -
Mazzini dreamed of an independent and united Italy. Initially, Mazzini joined the revolutionary association called Carbonari. Then in 1830, he was exiled for his involvement in the Piedmont uprising. Although he was expelled from his homeland, he kept abreast of all the events in the country. During this period, he prepared himself for the Italian liberation movement. He believed that the first thing needed for the unity of Italy was nationalist consciousness among the people.
2. Stirring in the ideas of the people: -
He conducted a massive campaign to spread the idea of a united Italy among the people. He even introduced the national flag of Italy, painted in white, green and red. On one side of this flag, the words democracy, equality and humanity were written, and on the other, freedom and unity. Naturally, this flag created a great reaction among the Italians. He also declared that in order to unite Italy, Austria would have to be expelled from Italy by force. For this, he called on the youth of Italy to unite.
3. Young Italy: -
In 1832, Mazzini formed the Young Italy. Mazzini's main goal was to achieve Italian independence from Austria and establish a united Italy. For this reason, he called upon the members of Young Italy that the main goal of the Young Italy would not only be to gain independence from Austria, but also to establish a united Italy. For this reason, he told the members of the party about the necessity of mass uprising and guerrilla warfare. He educated the members of the Young Italy in nationalist education and spoke of the service of Italy only throughout the entire thought and knowledge of the members. He used to say - Never rise in any other name than that of Italy and of all Italy. Before the February Revolution, the membership of the Young Italy was about 60000.
4. Young Italy newspaper -
The name of the mouthpiece of Young Italy was Young Italy newspaper. This newspaper was very popular in Italy. Through the Young Italy newspaper, the foundation of a revolution was laid in the world of ideas throughout Italy. Through the Young Italy newspaper, Mazzini used to propagate revolutionary ideology which created a stir in the minds of the Italian people.
5. Impact of the February Revolution:-
The success of the February Revolution greatly influenced the Italian unity movement. Mazzini greatly inspired the Young Italy party. As a result, the nationalist movement took a revolutionary shape throughout Italy. The rebellion first started in Rome. The Pope was forced to flee, frightened by the intensity of the rebellion, and a republic was established in Rome and Tuscany.
6. The combination of republic and socialism:-
Mazzini believed in republican principles; but he also supported socialist ideology. However, instead of Marxist ideology, he believed in Jacobin socialism. In the short-lived republic that was established in Italy, he implemented progressive reforms such as price control, minimum wage, secularism, etc.
7. Laying the foundation for the future revolutionary movement: -
The republic established in Rome was short-lived, but Mazzini prepared the background for the future revolutionary movement through his ideology. Movements started in various parts of Italy under the influence of his ideology. Mazzini's disciple Cavour carried out a coup with the help of foreign powers. Another disciple Garibaldi conquered southern Italy
8. The soul of New Italy: -
Mazzini spent a lot of his life in exile. As a result, his plans were not very successful. Although he established the republic in Rome, it fell due to the attack of the French army. But despite that, it must be said that Mazzini was the soul of New Italy. The historian Grenville believes that the unification of Central Italy and Southern Italy was possible only due to Mazzini's ideology.
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