Role of Sultanate rulers in preventing Mongol invasion.
Role of Sultanate rulers in preventing Mongol invasion.
Who were the Mongols? Discuss the various steps taken by the Sultanate rulers of Delhi to prevent Mongol invasion.
Role of Sultanate rulers in preventing Mongol invasion:-
The Mongols were warriors belonging to a nomadic community of Central Asia. Amir Khusrau has mentioned the Mongols as brutal warriors and nomads. The Mongols were very brave, skilled in warfare, and skilled warriors. During the rule of the Delhi Sultanate, the Mongols attacked India many times from the time of Iltutmish. The Sultanate rulers of Delhi adopted different policies to prevent Mongol invasion.
Role of Iltutmish in preventing the Mongol invasion:-
In 1221 AD, during the reign of Iltutmish, the fierce Mongol ruler Genghis Khan attacked the Kharazim kingdom. As a result, the ruler of the Kharazim kingdom fled towards the Caspian Sea and Prince Jalaluddin Mangbarni took refuge in Punjab. As a result, Genghis Khan advanced to Sindh and destroyed a large area of western Punjab and Sindh Pradesh. At this time, as no other way was open, Jalaluddin Mangbarni sought help from Iltutmish. But Iltutmish did not favor giving him shelter at this time, thus becoming a displeasure of Genghis Khan and causing danger to himself and the Delhi Sultanate. Therefore, Iltutmish rejected Jalaluddin's proposal. Pleased with Iltutmish's prudence and political foresight, Genghis Khan left India. Needless to say, due to this political wisdom of Iltutmish, the Delhi Sultanate was saved from a terrible danger.
Role of Ghiyasuddin Balban in preventing the Mongol invasion:-
1. Balban's son-in-law, the fierce general Sher Khan, was given the responsibility of preventing the Mongol invasion and securing the entire border region.
2. A large cavalry force was deployed in the border region. Each force had about eighteen thousand cavalry soldiers.
3. He built many forts in the border region and the army was always deployed in them.
4. After the death of Sher Khan, to secure the border from the Mongols, Balban divided the border region into two parts - Multan and Dipalpur, Samana region. Multan and Dipalpur were in the hands of the eldest son Sultan Muhammad and the responsibility of the Samana region was in the hands of the second son Baghra Khan.
5. In 1286 AD, the Mongols attacked Multan again. Although Sultan Muhammad advanced with his army to prevent the Mongol invasion, Sultan Muhammad was finally killed in a fierce attack by the Mongols. Balban, unable to bear the untimely death of his son, died in 1287 AD.
Role of Alauddin Khalji in preventing the Mongol invasion:-
During Alauddin's reign, the Mongols attacked India about seven times between 1297 and 1307 AD. Alauddin Khalji adopted a policy of prevention on one hand and an aggressive policy on the other to prevent the Mongol invasion.
1. He moved the capital to Siri and stayed there with his army.
2. He built forts in the Dipalpur and Samana regions to secure the north-western border and deployed a large number of troops in that region.
3. The responsibility of securing the north-western border was entrusted to Ghazi Malik. He later became known as Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq.
4. All the old forts in the north-western border region were renovated and some new forts were built. A large number of soldiers were stationed in each fort.
5. A special army was always stationed in Delhi.
6. The entire Delhi was surrounded by walls and army camps were set up at different places.
Role of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq in preventing the Mongol invasion:-
In 1324 AD, during the reign of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, the Mongols attacked India again. But the Mongol army was defeated and driven away by the strong attack of Ghiyasuddin's army. During the reign of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, the Mongols did not attack India again.
Role of Muhammad bin Tughlaq in preventing the Mongol invasion:-
Earlier, Muhammad bin Tughlaq shifted the capital from Delhi to Devagiri to escape the Mongol invasion. But, immediately after that, taking advantage of the Sultan's absence in Delhi, the Mongols attacked India under the leadership of Tarmasirin and captured Punjab, Lahore and Multan. Then they marched towards Delhi. Instead of preventing the Mongol invasion, Muhammad bin Tughlaq saved Delhi from the Mongols by paying a lot of money.
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