Different elements of socialization.
Different elements of socialization.
Write about the different elements of socialization.
Means of socialization
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Elements of socialization:-
Socialization is a multi-component process. Sociologist Kingsley Davis has divided the elements of socialization into two categories - authoritative and non-authoritative. Authoritative elements of socialization are those elements that impose authority on the individual or child; such as - parents, teachers, state - etc. On the other hand, non-authoritative elements are those elements that do not impose authority on the child; such as - peer group, media - etc. The different elements of socialization are as follows -
1. Family:-
Among the elements of socialization, the family is considered the most important element. Every child grows up in his family after birth. Although there are vast differences in different aspects of social and state life, the issue of family relations is generally the same in all families. The first education of a child starts from his mother and then from other family members. The child gets the education of social rules, customs, manners, traditions - all these from his family. That is why the family is called the main and primary element of socialization.
2. Educational institutions: -
Educational institutions are a formal element of socialization. After the initial family education, a child enters school life. In school life, the child masters the subject of socialization in a formal manner. School is a small version of the entire society. Therefore, the role of school is very important in the socialization of a child. The socialization of a child in school life is centered on the curriculum and co-curricular activities. Discipline, regularity, respect for teachers and elders, ability to lead, attention to reading, competitive mentality - etc. are familiarized with and become proficient in social issues. In this way, socialization takes place through educational institutions.
3. Media: -
The media is the mirror of society. Various events happening in the society, changes and evolution of the society, government policies, education - literature and culture - etc. are presented to the people of the society. The most important media in the development of socialization in the child are - radio, television, newspapers and in modern times digital social media or social networks. Through these media, the child gets acquainted with his surrounding, national and international life and gains knowledge about it. The media can have a profound impact on the formation of public opinion and the world of thought.
4. State system: -
The state system basically has three departments - law, administration and justice. Through these three departments, the state imposes various restrictions on its citizens and controls the citizens. This control is, of course, positive; because the state creates a suitable environment for the full development of citizens by imposing control on the citizens. Every child participates in the state process as a member of the state system and interaction with society is organized. In this way, the state system helps in the socialization of the child.
5. Peer and friend group: -
Apart from the family, educational institutions, state - all these formal and authoritative media, the child's peer and friend group play an important role in socialization. Sociologist Piaget has commented that the child's relationship with his peers or friend group is the most democratic. The child's relationship with the friend group is simple and free. The child can mix openly here. The participation of the friend group in various activities, their conversations, etc. deeply affects the child.
6. Religious customs and institutions: -
The influence of religion is very important in the life of every person. Human behavior, interaction with society and social institutions, thoughts, ideals, etc. are deeply influenced by religion. Various customs, traditions, rituals, rules, advice and teachings of religion play an important role in determining the social role of the person. In addition, different religious beliefs (such as the existence of gods, the sense of sin and virtue, etc.) directly influence the socialization of the child.
7. Literature: -
Literature is published in various books, newspapers, magazines, and other media. In every literary work, the poet or writer's sense of life, philosophy, and social consciousness are expressed. This consciousness is also transmitted to the reader. Readers can become aware of the trends and various forms of society through literature. In addition, book reading has a deep impact on the personality and character of people. Through literature, people can become familiar with the prevailing thoughts, ideas, customs, and methods in society.
8. Different types of ideals: -
Every child is influenced by the ideals of many great men and heroes in their lives. The words of great men and the life stories of heroes inspire the common people. In social life, almost every child becomes aware of the ideals of all these great men through education or through stories told by adults. All these ideals have a profound impact on individual life and socialization.
9. World of Work:-
After completing childhood and education, people enter the world of work. This world of work is a direct means of socialization of people. People are associated with productivity according to their qualifications and skills. In the workplace, people can fully understand society and accordingly determine the dynamics of their behavior.
Finally, it can be said that the means of socialization do not cause socialization individually; all the means collectively cause action and reaction and organize socialization. The means of socialization are roughly the same across countries and times. When different means have a positive impact on an individual, positive changes occur in the life of the individual; and the opposite is also seen. The elements of socialization basically determine the dynamics of their personality and behavior in their individual lives.
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