Discuss the various programmes taken up for rural development in India.
Discuss the various programmes taken up for rural development in India.
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Various programmes taken up for rural development in India:-
After independence, various five-year plans and various government decisions have taken up various programmes for rural development in India. The programmes are as follows:-
(i) Integrated Rural Development Programme or IRDP:-
The Integrated Rural Development Programme or IRDP is an important tool in rural development. Through this programme, families living below the poverty line are brought under the control of self-employment schemes. Special assistance is provided in various cottage industries, weaving, agriculture, trade and animal husbandry. Although the work of this scheme was started in 1976 with a focus on 20 selected districts, it was later launched all over India.
(ii) National Rural Employment Programme or NREP:-
The National Rural Employment Programme or NREP has been developed with the aim of creating additional opportunities in rural employment. This scheme is also referred to as the Food for Work scheme. Till date, lakhs of work days have been created under this scheme. The schemes taken up under it are - flood prevention, road repair, construction of new roads, canal digging, construction of schools, construction of health centres etc. This scheme was taken up towards the end of the financial year 1976-77. Then in 1980, NREP was reorganized and the scheme was expanded on a larger scale. As a result, the common people benefited more and more. Afforestation, various schemes at the block level, various schemes at the panchayat level - all these have given the scheme a proper shape. This scheme is currently associated with Jawahar Rojgar Yojana (JRY).
(iii) Jawahar Rojgar Yojana or JRY:-
Jawahar Rojgar Yojana was first announced in 1989. Under this scheme, any able-bodied member of a family living below the poverty line gets the opportunity to work for 100 days throughout the year. 30% of the employment in this scheme is reserved for women.
(iv) Training for Rural Youth for Self Employment Scheme or TRYSEM:-
The TRYSEM (Training for Rural Youth for Self Employment) scheme was started on 15th August 1979. The objective of this scheme was to provide opportunities for technical skills development among the rural youth and increase their employment opportunities and prospects in rural agriculture, industry, services and commercial establishments. Its features and various aspects were - Youths aged 18 to 35 years living below the poverty line are engaged under this scheme for training. Priority is given to youths who have passed class IX. One-third of the seats are reserved for women in this scheme. Arrangements are made to provide monthly allowance ranging from Rs. 75 to Rs. 200 during the training. Various facilities of IRDP are also provided to the youth covered under this scheme. Minimum 50% seats are reserved for youths belonging to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes. In the 90s, about two lakh youths were trained under this programme. Of these, about 45% were included in self-employment schemes and about 30% were employed in other sectors.
(v) Community Development Programme ( CDP ) :-
It was started in 1952. Its objective was to achieve overall rural development by involving the common people of the rural areas.
(vi) Women and Child Development Programme in Rural Areas ( DWCRA ) :-
This scheme was started in 1982. Its objective was to create necessary facilities for employment and self-reliance of women living below the poverty line in villages.
(vii) Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Scheme ( RLEGP ) :-
It was launched in 1983. It was to provide employment guarantee of at least 100 days in a year to at least one person in every landless family in the village.
(viii) National Fund for Rural Development ( NFRD ) :-
This scheme was launched in 1884. It is a fund and 100% tax deduction is provided for donations to it.
(ix) Agricultural and Rural Loan Waiver Scheme (ARDRS) :-
It was launched in 1990. It provides loan waiver facility up to Rs. 10,000 to poor farming families.
(x) District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) :-
This organization was established in every district of India in 1993. Its objective was to provide necessary assistance to the rural poor in becoming self-reliant.
(xi) Mahila Samriddhi Yojana (MSY) :-
This scheme was launched in 1993. Its objective was to motivate women to deposit money in post offices.
(xii) Bharat Nirman Yojana :-
This scheme was launched in 2005. This scheme is still working to ensure the 6 main elements of village life - irrigation, drinking water, roads, housing, telephone, electricity - etc.
Other various schemes are -
(xiii) Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana or SGSY
(xiv) Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana or PMGSY
(xv) Pradhan Mantri Gramoday Yojana or PMGY
(xvi) Indira Awas Yojana or IAY
(xvii) Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana or PMAGY
(xviii) Purna Gramin Swarojgar Yojana or SRGY
(xix) Annapurna Anna Yojana
(xx) Pradhan Mantri Karmasangan Scheme or PMEGP
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