Nandan Dutta

What is operant conditioning? Discuss the features of operant conditioning.Definition and features of operant conditioning:-Operant conditioning:-B. F. Skinner published various subject matters and principles of his research in a book called Science of Human Behavior in 1935. According to Skinner, there are two types of animal behavior - respondent and operant. Behaviors that have specific stimuli - are called respondent behavior. Again, behaviors...

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Skinner's experiment on operant conditioning.Skinner's experiment on operant conditioning:-The famous American psychologist B. F. Skinner presented his research findings and principles in the book Science of Human Behavior in 1935. In this book, he showed that animal behavior is of two types - respondent  behavior, that has a specific stimulus; and operant behavior that does not have a specific stimulus. Operant behavior can...

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Definition and features of classical conditioning.Definition and features of Pavlovian conditioning.Definition / concept of classical conditioning :-The proponent of classical conditioning is the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. The classical conditioning process is based on biological or physiological factors. In this type of conditioning, two types of stimuli work - natural stimuli and artificial stimuli. In this type of conditioning process, the natural stimulus...

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Educational significance of operant conditioning:-Educational significance of operant conditioning:-The proponent of the theory of operant conditioning is psychologist Skinner. This type of conditioning is basically operant; that is, it does not have a specific stimulus. The main purpose of this type of conditioning is to lead the animal towards appropriate behavior through multiple interrelated behaviors and to correct the behavior. Operant conditioning is...

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Causes of illiteracy in India.Factors responsible for illiteracy in India.Causes of Illiteracy in India :-The issue of illiteracy in India is one of the most important social problems. Although many steps and programs have been taken to eradicate illiteracy in post-independent India, India is still plagued by the problem of illiteracy. According to the 2011 census, the literacy rate in India is 74.04...

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What is group guidance? Discuss the different techniques / methods of group guidance. Definition of group guidance:-There are some problems that attack people in groups. Many people are affected by it at the same time. In such a problematic situation, the type of guidance that is given in a group is called group guidance.Various social problems, professional needs - these types of problems are...

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Advantages and disadvantages of group guidance.Advantages of group guidance :-1. Saving labor, money and time :- Since many people can be guided at once in the group guidance process, labor, money and time are saved in the case of group guidance.2. Opportunity for interaction between members :- All the members participating in the group guidance can interact with each other. As a result, mutual transfer...

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Advantages and disadvantages of personal guidance.Advantages of personal guidance:-1. Personal guidance is more effective in the case of people's provocative problems; such as - fear, depression, aggression, inferiority complex - etc. An experienced person can easily solve people's provocative problems by administering guidance.2. Since personal guidance is done individually, the person providing guidance can be deeply aware of the problems of a single...

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Features of guidance.Mention the different characteristics of guidance.Features of guidance :-The different features of guidance are -1. Guidance is possible at all ages :- There is no specific age for guidance. Guidance is possible at any age. Guidance is possible at all ages from the birth of a child to death. Therefore, guidance is a continuous process.2. Differences in guidance at different ages :- Guidance...

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Basic principles of guidance.Discuss the principles of guidance.Basic principles of guidance:-Guidance is needed at every age level in personal life. Through guidance, the individual takes steps to understand the nature of the problem and solve it. Different types of guidance are based on some basic principles. The main and basic principles of guidance are -1. Principle of neutrality: - The guidance process is conducted...

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Difference between Guidance and Teaching.Difference between Guidance and Teaching :-1. Difference in antiquity:- The subject of teaching is very ancient. The teaching process was prevalent in almost all ancient civilizations. But the subject of guidance is quite new. The guidance process was introduced scientifically and systematically from the very beginning of the twentieth century.2. Difference in scope:- The scope of guidance is much wider than...

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Difference between evaluation and examination.Difference between evaluation and test. Difference between evaluation and examination:-Although examination and evaluation are currently considered to have the same meaning, there is a huge difference between the two. The differences between evaluation and examination are -1. Difference of objective :- The objective of evaluation is broad and multifaceted. But the objective of examination is narrow and one-sided. Because, through evaluation,...

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Difference between evaluation and measurement.Comparative discussion on evaluation and measurement.Difference between evaluation and measurement.There are differences between evaluation and measurement in various aspects. The differences between evaluation and measurement are -1. Difference in scope: - The scope of evaluation is wide. Through evaluation, various aspects such as the overall skills, characteristics, interests, attention, talents - etc. of a person can be measured. But the...

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