Poverty alleviation Programmes in India .
Poverty alleviation Programmes in India .
Discuss the various programs and plans for poverty alleviation in India.
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Poverty alleviation Programmes in India .
Various programs and plans for poverty alleviation: -
1. Five Year Plans: -
The Planning Commission was formed in 1950 after independence. The first Prime Minister, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, was the Chairman of the Planning Commission. The various steps taken in various five year plans directly and indirectly help in alleviating poverty. Such as -
(A) In the First Five Year Plan (1951-1956) developmental measures were taken to improve the quality of life, reduce the rate of inflation, economic development, construction of hydropower projects, etc.
(B) In the Second Five Year Plan (1956-1961) targets were set for rapid industrialization, employment opportunities, 25% increase in agricultural production, etc.
(C) The main objective of the Third Five Year Plan (1961-1966) was to increase national income by 30% and per capita income by 17%; Introduction of unpaid and compulsory education; To create 35 lakh employment opportunities in agriculture and 1 crore in other fields.
(D) The Fourth Five Year Plan (1979-1974) emphasizes on family planning, increase in exports, increase in agricultural production, etc.
(E) The main objective of the Fifth Five Year Plan (1974-1978) was poverty alleviation and economic self-sufficiency and a 20 point program was adopted for this purpose.
2. Nationalization: -
The policy of nationalization was adopted in 1979 under the leadership of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. At the beginning, 14 banks were nationalized. Then, from 1972, the nationalization of coal mining, iron and steel industries and other large scale industries began. The main objective of this nationalization policy was to create development policies and employment opportunities for the weaker and financially backward sections of the society and to provide affordable loans.
3. Various developmental programs: -
Since independence, various programs have been adopted for the development of rural areas which indirectly help in alleviating poverty. Some of the notable ones are:
(A) NREGS or National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme project was adopted in 2006. The project guarantees 100 days of work per year to working people living in rural areas. This is also known as 100 day work project.
(B) Jawahar Rozgar Yojana or JRY project was launched in 1989. Through this project 1 person from a poor family is provided a job opportunity for 100 days in a year. 30% of these are reserved for women.
(C) The Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme or PMEGP project seeks to make rural youth self-reliant.
(D) Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana or SGSY project was launched in 1999. The aim of the project was to make poor families self-reliant through vocational and job oriented training, bank loans, etc.
(E) Varat Nirman Prakalpa was launched in 2005. The project was started to ensure the 6 main components of rural life - irrigation, drinking water, roads, housing, telephone, electricity - etc.
(F) Recruitment Guarantee Scheme for Rural Landless or RLEGP project was launched in 1983. In this project at least 1 person from a landless family is guaranteed 100 days work.
4. Direct Programmes for Poverty Alleviation : -
In addition to the above programs, some direct and special programs have been adopted for poverty alleviation. Such as -
(A) Antadaya program was started in 1977. The goal was to uplift five poor families each year.
(B) Antadaya Anna Yojana project was launched in 2000. The aim was to provide 30 kg of rice or wheat to the families living below the poverty line.
(C) Integrated Rural Development Programme or IRDP project was launched in 1976. The development work started by selecting 20 districts first. At present every village in India is covered under this project.
(D) Eradicate Poverty and Eliminate Bakery Program: - This slogan was raised by the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1971.
(E) TRYSEM or Training for Rural Youth for Self Employment programme was launched for rural youth in 1989. Its main objective was to increase employment opportunities in agriculture, industry, services and trade by developing technical skills among rural youth.
(F) Self-Employment Programme For the Urban Poor or SEPUP project for the urban poor was launched in 1986. The main objective of the project was to provide loans and 25% subsidy to start business for unemployed youth living in urban areas.
Various other programs were also adopted to alleviate poverty. Such as - ICDS, JNNURM, State Women's Cell, CRAC or Child Nursing, Integrated Child Welfare Project - etc.
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