Thurstone’s Group factor theory of intelligence . Thurstone’s Multi factor theory of intelligence.
Thurstone’s Group factor theory of intelligence .
Thurstone’s Multi factor theory of intelligence.
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Thurstone’s Group factor theory of intelligence .
Thurstone’s Multi factor theory of intelligence.
American psychologist LL Thurstone analyzed the group factor theory or the multi factor theory of mental abilities with the help of several experiments. He expressed the group factor theory through factor analysis, a complex method of statistics, by determining the correlation between the results obtained in about 60 different experiments. In this theory he talks about seven primary or basic elements. These elements are fundamental and mutually exclusive. That is why they are called primary elements.
The seven primary elements are –
(i) Numerical ability (N) - Ability to calculate numbers quickly and accurately.
(ii) Verbal ability (V ) – fluency in understanding and using language.
(iii) Spatial perception ability (S) - the ability to think imaginatively in tasks that require the perception of the location of objects.
(iv) Component of memory (M) – Ability to memorize quickly and recall it as needed.
(v) Reasoning ability (R) - Ability to discover reasoning and determine causal relationships in a task or a problem.
(vi) Word fluency (W) - the ability to choose appropriate words quickly.
(vii) Perceptual ability (P) – Ability to perceive space quickly and accurately.
Any task related to intelligence requires some of these seven basic elements. Another intellectual task requires a few other elements among the seven primary elements. However, two works may have more than one common element. The more common elements between two tasks have in common, the greater the correlation between the two tasks. None of Thurstone's components, like Spearman's general component (G), is required for all intellectual tasks. Thurstone's collective element theory can be given a geometrical form.
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In the above figure a, b and c are three intellectual tasks.
Task a requires Numerical ability (N), Spatial perception ability (S), Verbal ability (V) and Propositional ability (P).
Task b requires - Verbal ability (V), Perceptual ability (P), Reasoning ability (R) and Memory (M).
Again task c requires - Spatial perception ability (S) and Word fluency (W).
Here it can be seen that two elements (V and P) are common between two tasks a and b and one element (S) is common between two tasks a and c.
Hence, the correlation between a and b will be higher than that between a and c. In general there should be no correlation between tasks b and c, because these two tasks have no common elements. However, since there is correlation between task a and b and correlation between a and c is also present, even a small correlation between b and c will be seen.
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