Discuss the principles of curriculum development.
Discuss the principles of curriculum development.
Principles of curriculum construction.
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Principles of curriculum development:-
To give the objectives of education a comprehensive and meaningful form, the curriculum has to be constructed based on some principles. With the help of these principles of curriculum writing, the curriculum is made a component of the highest development of the student. The principles of determining the curriculum are -
1. Principle of comprehensive meaning of education:-
In modern education, the curriculum is not just a collection of a few techniques or knowledge; it is a component that is used for the highest development of the student. Therefore, the narrow meaning of education is rejected in the curriculum and the comprehensive meaning of education is adopted. To fulfill the comprehensive objectives of education through proper educational guidance, the curriculum is made suitable for adopting the comprehensive concept of education.
2. Principle of educational philosophy:-
The curriculum is always developed based on educational philosophy. Education is always influenced by philosophy. Educational philosophy suggests developing the curriculum to suit the individual and society. Therefore, the principles of educational philosophy are followed while determining the curriculum.
3. Principle of Socialism: -
All the skills and abilities of an individual are revealed in society. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to maintain a balance between the needs of the individual and society while determining the curriculum. While writing the curriculum, importance is given to the duties of society towards the individual and the responsibility of the individual towards society.
4. Principle of Action-Centeredness: -
The essence of the principle of action-centeredness is - Learning by doing; that is, learning through work. Providing only object- and subject-centered knowledge during teaching and learning does not encourage students to study and learn. Therefore, emphasis is placed on self-learning through work while formulating the curriculum.
5. Cultural Policy: -
One of the main functions of education is to preserve and transmit social culture and tradition. Therefore, while formulating the curriculum, the issue of transmitting social value and tradition among students is considered with great importance. If there is no proper cultural transmission among the students, there will be a decline in morality and values in the society.
6. Principle of individualism: -
Each student is different from each other on the basis of interests, needs, abilities, skills, etc. Therefore, while formulating the curriculum, care must be taken to fulfill the general and special objectives of students with different needs and abilities. Emphasis is given to ensuring that everyone can benefit through the curriculum.
7. Principle of democracy: -
In the modern world, democracy has been recognized as the highest human ideology. Democratic principles develop proper socialization among the students. Therefore, while determining the curriculum, care is taken to ensure that the democratic ideology is transmitted among the students through the curriculum.
8. Principle of child-centeredness: -
In modern times, education and curriculum are conducted centered on the child. The curriculum is determined by giving importance to the various needs, interests, abilities, etc. of the child. The principle of child-centeredness is reflected in the curriculum everywhere in the world today.
9. Principle of Integrity and indivisibility:-
The principle of integrity and indivisibility is followed in the modern curriculum. If the curriculum is divided into parts, the natural development of the child will be blocked. Therefore, while writing the curriculum, the principle of integrity and indivisibility is followed and the child is given the opportunity to develop his independent being.
10. Principle of activity:-
While writing each curriculum, importance is given to the principle of child activity. If the child actively participates in reading and studying, the child's natural interest and need for knowledge will develop. Therefore, an attempt is made to make the child study-oriented through the principle of activity.
11. Principle of changeability:-
Education is a social matter. Therefore, since society is changeable; therefore, the principle of changeability is also adopted in the formulation of the curriculum. The principle of variability is followed in the curriculum in accordance with various changes in the social field, technological and ideological changes, etc.
12. Principle of coordination: -
While developing the curriculum, coordination is made between various subjects such as the needs of the child, various social expectations, morality - humanity - creativity - profession - etc. In this way, as a result of coordination between different fields, the curriculum becomes much more useful to the student.
13. Principle of preservation: -
The principle of preservation is specially followed while writing the curriculum. It is very necessary to preserve the knowledge that human civilization has acquired till date. Arrangements are made to preserve various previous experiences and knowledge by including them in the curriculum.
14. Vocational principle: -
One of the main goals of education is to help in earning a living. Therefore, by including various subjects related to livelihood, current economy, employment - etc. in the curriculum, the student is made suitable to acquire skills in the vocational field in future life.
15. Productivity Policy:-
One of the objectives of the curriculum is to develop productivity in each student. The curriculum attempts to develop productivity in students by providing them with an understanding of real society and the production system.
16. Principle of sequencing:-
The principle of sequencing is followed seriously while writing the curriculum. Different skill levels are developed at different ages based on the mental age of the student, ability to acquire knowledge, experience, etc. To align with that skill level, it is very important to follow the principle of sequencing while developing the curriculum.
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