Advantages and Disadvantages of Islamic Education in the Muslim Era:-
Advantages and Disadvantages of Islamic Education in the Muslim Era:-
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Islamic Education in the Muslim Era:-
Just as the Vedic education system was developed on the basis of the Vedas, the Muslim education system was developed on the basis of the Quran. The Quran states that it is the duty of every Muslim to propagate Islam. In order to do this duty successfully, the Muslim rulers introduced the Muslim education system in India. This education was open to everyone. Therefore, Muslim education spread to a considerable extent in India.
Advantages of Islamic education in the Muslim era:-
1. Low-cost education: - Madrasa education or higher education in the Muslim era was unpaid. Very low salaries were charged for primary education or maktab education.
2. Moral education: - Due to the emphasis on moral education, an attraction towards moral life was created among the youth.
3. Education suitable for real life: - Since this education system was developed based on real needs, it became very effective in individual life; as well as the welfare of the society was also achieved.
4. Diverse curriculum: - Diversity is seen in the curriculum of the Islamic era. As a result, students got the opportunity to learn according to their interests and inclinations, while on the other hand, there was a sufficient supply of trained people in different sectors of society.
5. Discipline: - As education was conducted according to the instructions of the Quran and other Islamic religious scriptures, there was no chaos in educational institutions.
6. Expansion of education: - A sufficient number of maktabs and madrasas expanded to spread education. Although the expansion of Hindu education was somewhat limited, the vedic or Hindu education system also continued in the institutions such as tols, pathshalas, chatushpathis etc.
7. Progress in history and literature: - There was considerable progress in history and literature in the Medieval or Islamic era. A lot of historical information is available in the autobiographies of Muslim rulers. Experienced people were given a place in the royal court for the purpose of writing history. Many works of this period had the imprint of literary skill. In terms of art and culture, the Muslim era occupies a special place in the history of India.
8. Combination of secular and religious education: - Although Muslim rulers generally did not like secular education, Islamic rulers like Firoz Shah Tughlaq, Akbar and others adopted various measures for secular education.
Although the educational opportunities of Hindus in the medieval period were limited, during the reign of Muslim rulers like Muhammad bin Tughlaq, Akbar and Shah Jahan, a wonderful combination of Hindu and Muslim literature and culture developed - which is evident in the development of architecture and Urdu language. The contribution of Shah Jahan's son Darashiko is unforgettable in this regard.
Disadvantages of Islamic education in the Muslim era: -
The disadvantages or negative aspects of education in the Muslim era are -
1. Lack of mass education: - The Muslim education system did not give importance to mass education. Although the number of maktabs was sufficient in Muslim-dominated areas, the number of schools for the majority Hindus was very small. Moreover, the expenses of maktabs and madrasas were borne by the wealthy. If their donations were irregular, the educational institutions would be closed.
2. Neglect of Hindu education: - Except for a few Muslim rulers like Akbar, most Muslim rulers did not give any importance to the spread of education of Hindus, who were considered 'infidels' in their eyes.
3. Neglect of mother tongue: - From the initial stage, students were taught Persian as a medium of instruction instead of their mother tongue. As a result, students were deprived of the education of their mother tongue.
4. Neglect of women's education: - Women's education was hampered due to the introduction of the veil system. Although the daughters of kings, high-class families were taught by tutors; but girls from ordinary families did not have this opportunity.
5. Waste of time: - One of the shortcomings of the Muslim education system was that writing was taught after the reading ability reached a certain level. This required a lot of time and was a waste of time.
6. Inappropriate curriculum: - The curriculum was not modernized according to the real needs.
7. Harsh Punishment:- There was a practice of harsh punishment for students even for minor offenses. As a result, students lacked spontaneous interest in education.
8. Uncertainty of educational institutions:- Educational institutions were run on government favors and donations from the wealthy. If the source of money stopped for any reason, the institutions would be closed. Such incidents happened frequently during the Muslim era.
9. Lack of universities:- There was a considerable lack of universities during the Muslim era, due to which the spread of higher education was restricted.
10. Political situation:- There were constant wars during the Muslim era. Most of the kings and emperors were busy protecting the occupied territories and expanding the kingdom. Although many were interested in education, they could not pay much attention to the spread of education in the country. As a result, the expected development of education never took place.
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