Pages

Powered by Blogger.

Pages

Pages

Pages

facebook twitter instagram pinterest bloglovin Email
Career CLASS 11 (XI) Class XI 1st Semester CLASS XI 2nd Semester H.S. 3rd SEM H.S. 4th SEM H.S. EDUCATION H.S. HISTORY HS SOCIOLOGY HS SUGGESTION INDIAN HISTORY NCERT POLITY PROJECT Sociological Studies Teaching & Education TEST PAPERS SOLVE TEST PAPERS SOLVE 2020 WORLD HISTORY XI EDUCATION XI HISTORY XI POL SC XI SOCIOLOGY XII Bengali XII Sanskrit

Pages

Nandan Dutta

School project and education news.

Pages

Reading assignment : Definition , features , advantages and disadvantages. 

What is reading assignment? Discuss the features of reading assignments. Write the advantages and disadvantages of reading assignments.




Concept / Definition of Reading Assignment:-


The two main components of student performance in education are reading and writing. At the beginning of education, reading and writing gradually come into the life of the student. Our speech begins with the combination of different parts inside the oral cavity, the airway, the nostrils and the oral cavity. Learning the alphabet begins by combining speaking with the alphabet. Then gradually the student gets used to forming sentences from words and words.
Active reading makes students attentive and interested in learning. Reading assignments are therefore an individual focused process.

LIST OF ALL NOTES / PROJECTS : CLICK HERE

Features of Reading Assignment:-

Features of reading assignments are –
1. Enhances mental skills of students.
2. Analytical reading enhances students' personal skills.
3. It deals with all subjects and provides knowledge from all subjects.
4. The student independently selects the reading material. But here the advice and guidance of teachers is necessary.
5. Reading materials other than textbooks are also required here.
6. It is a completely educational program.
7. Every student can join here.
8. Teachers play an important role here.
9. This reading opens a new horizon of task in generalizing knowledge including concept formation and principles.
10. Keeps the teacher and his teaching active.

LIST OF ALL NOTES / PROJECTS : CLICK HERE

Advantages / Merits of reading assignments:-

Reading assignments are very important in a student's life because it affects the student's listening and thinking. The main advantages of reading assignments are –
1. Enhances student's intellectual development.
2. Affects the student's intellectual ability.
3. Simplifies complex arithmetic in the student's mind.
4. Reading improves the ability to choose subjects.
5. Builds the learner's own knowledge base.
6. The textbook becomes acceptable to the student.
7. The student is motivated to develop his own understanding by being drawn to particular parts of the text.
8. The student gradually becomes inquisitive and research oriented from the specialized section.
9. The student's vocabulary and knowledge base are built.
10. Reading assignments motivate students to learn independently. As a result, individualism can be measured.

Disadvantages / Demerits of Reading Assignment:-

Disadvantages of reading assignments are –
1. Reading assignments are a one-way street for learning; So this learning is limited to the educational process. 
2. Reading assignments become meaningless when students gain hands-on experience and make decisions.
3. The knowledge acquired by the student in reading is limited to a few languages. If the teacher's explanation is added, then only it can be complete, otherwise half the knowledge is gained.
4. Here only knowledge develops, other dimensions do not develop.
5. There will be no ideal learning without ideal reading material.
6. In many cases, the reading assignments instill in the students a sense that the teacher's teaching is not effective. Because, they often cannot reach the level of understanding while reading.
7. Negative reading assignments develop negative values, habits, attitudes and personalities in students.

LIST OF ALL NOTES / PROJECTS : CLICK HERE

Share
Tweet
Pin
Share
No comments

Difference between Lecture method and Demonstration method :-



Difference between Lecture method and Demonstration method :-

There are certainly some differences between lecture method and demonstration method. Both lecture method and demonstration method are widely used in classroom teaching. Among them, the lecture method is more prevalent than other methods. Nowadays, as the number of students in the classroom increases, so does the use of lecture methods. Besides, the method of rendering is also being used in schools. This method is more useful for teaching many students simultaneously. These methods can be used easily and quickly in the general school environment. But these methods differ in practical terms. The differentiating aspects of these two methods are –

LIST OF ALL NOTES / PROJECTS : CLICK HERE

1. Lecture method can be used at some level of demonstration method. But in the lecture method , the demonstration method cannot be used.
  
2. The teacher is active in the lecture method. But in demonstration method, teacher and student are active together.

3. Language is the medium of instruction in the lecture method. But there are many mediums of teaching in demonstration method. Eg - language, learning materials ,  blackboard questionnaires - etc.

4. As language is the only medium in the lecture method, students' knowledge about the subject is not correct and accurate all the time. But in the demonstration method, subjective knowledge is embodied in the classroom through the use of different teaching materials , blackboards - etc. As a result, students get accurate knowledge.

5. Practical application of knowledge gained through lecture method is not appropriate. But the practical application of the acquired knowledge is taught in the demonstration method and becomes appropriate over time.

6. Many times students become inattentive and conventional in the lecture method. But in the demonstration method students are always focused on the lesson.

7. In the lecture method the learner cannot express his own curiosity or desire to know. But as a result of mutual discussion between teachers and students in the demonstration method, the students' desire to know is fulfilled and their own thinking field is expanded.

8. The lecture method is a one-way process. But demonstration is a two-way process.

9. The lesson can be completed very quickly in the lecture method. But demonstration method takes relatively long time.

10. The cost of the lecture method is very low. But the cost of demonstration method is relatively high. Because, this method requires many educational materials.

LIST OF ALL NOTES / PROJECTS : CLICK HERE

Share
Tweet
Pin
Share
No comments

Lecture Method : Definition , Merits , Demerits & Importance. 

Concept / Definition of Lecture Method:-

Advantages / Merits of Lecture Method :-

Disadvantages / Demerits of Lecture Method :-

Significance / Importance of Lecture Method :-




Concept / Definition of Lecture Method:-


In general, when the teacher presents the learning content to the students in the classroom through language alone, it is called the lecture method. When a person on a stage presents a subject to an audience, his presentation is called a speech. In this case the audience may or may not accept the content. Again, the audience may be engaged in other activities or leave the place.
But when teachers use this method for learning in the classroom, its importance or necessity becomes completely different than before. Because, here the teacher uses this method for the proper learning of the students and to conduct his own ideal teaching method.

LIST OF ALL NOTES / PROJECTS : CLICK HERE

Advantages / Merits of Lecture Method :-


1. Teaching process can be easily conducted in the classroom.

2. Lessons or syllabus can be completed before the specified time.

3. The teacher can plan the lesson according to his / her own way.

4. Subject knowledge and general knowledge and practical knowledge can be presented together in the classroom.

5. Lessons can be presented in the classroom only if there is an idea of the lesson of the day.

6. Many students can be taught simultaneously in lecture method.

7. Lecture method makes it possible to easily measure the knowledge gained by the students.

8. Lecture method is very easy to use in presentation and interpretation of lessons.

9. If necessary, the lesson can be made more interesting by using some charts, pictures etc.

LIST OF ALL NOTES / PROJECTS : CLICK HERE

Disadvantages / Demerits of Lecture Method :-


1. The approach of the lecture method is only teacher-centred. There is no student participation here. Thus, it is a one-way process.

2. The student's level of understanding is not assessed here by the teacher. As a result, the ideal learning environment is not prepared here.

3. Any content is listened to by students here. But he can't think too much about it.

4. Here teachers become more active in insisting on completing the day's lessons at the fixed time. As a result, the student does not get a chance to think independently here.

5. Here only knowledge is practiced. Other intellectual, emotional and cognitive aspects of learning are not prepared.

6. A monotonous atmosphere is created in the classroom; As a result students become inattentive.

7. In many cases the learning objective is disrupted.

8. Lecture method does not enable the development of appropriate subject-specific knowledge-understanding-application-skills.

9. The mental development of the student is disturbed.

10. The teacher-student relationship is almost always negative. Students are attracted differently to teachers by following different physical, verbal and practical characteristics, which are often contrary to the learning objectives.

11. A full portion of the content cannot be taught in this manner.

12. This method is not effective at primary and secondary level.

Significance / Importance of Lecture Method :-


Discussing the above advantages and disadvantages, it can be said that the lecture method is very important in classroom teaching despite some obstacles. Whatever teaching method is used in the classroom, no method except the lecture method can be applied in the classroom. Hence proper use of this method is useful and important in all classroom teaching methods. For example –

1. The proper use of this method in lesson delivery and interpretation must be mastered by every teacher and can be properly applied in the classroom.

2. This method can be presented in the classroom using only lectures and minimal teaching aids (such as blackboards).

3. The lecture method is, however, necessary to re-present the subject after feedback.

4. Lecture method has to be explained and presented to make the topic relevant to real life.

5. This method is used for rapid teaching of multiple students simultaneously.

6. This method is particularly useful for teacher-students to describe their own experiences.

LIST OF ALL NOTES / PROJECTS : CLICK HERE

Share
Tweet
Pin
Share
No comments

Demonstration Method : Definition , Features , Merits and Demerits.

Concept / Definition of Demonstration Method.

Features of Demonstration Method.

Merits of Demonstration Method.

Demerits of Demonstration Method.




Concept / Definition of Demonstration Method.

An important and useful method in classroom teaching is the Demonstration Method.
The method in which the teacher presents the fixed content in the classroom teaching with the help of appropriate teaching methods based on the prior knowledge of the students according to the necessary tests, examples and discussions of real situations is called the Demonstration Method.

The Demonstration Method has been widely applied in the modern education system, replacing the lecture method. This method idealizes student-learning in the correct application of the delivery method in the teaching process. Therefore, the Demonstration Method is more accurate and useful in classroom teaching than the lecture method.

LIST OF ALL NOTES / PROJECTS : CLICK HERE

Key features of the Demonstration Method.


1. Simultaneous participation of teacher and student is seen in the Demonstration Method.

2. As the student carefully observes the teacher's teaching, the teacher also measures the student's level of understanding.

3. Teaching materials, learning and students are used individually depending on the subject.

4. As the teacher presents correct explanations, examples and arguments in the conclusions/theories reached by teaching, so the students also get correct knowledge according to correct arguments, usages, examples and real worlds.

5. This method of teaching in the classroom keeps the teacher and students active together.

6. Students are very interested and attentive in the entire teaching activity. At the same time, they can understand the usefulness of the lesson in real life.

7. The subject can be thoroughly presented by the teacher in the classroom.

8. Students can gain overall knowledge of the subject. They can also rationally reject and refine any of their misconceptions.

9. Content can be presented to many students simultaneously.

LIST OF ALL NOTES / PROJECTS : CLICK HERE

Advantages / Merits of  Demonstration Method.


1. The Demonstration Method is easy to use. This method can be implemented from small teaching lights, blackboards and lesson plans.

2. The Demonstration Method costs less. But teachers need to think and study effectively.

3. Demonstration Method can be implemented within the specific classroom time frame.

4. Demonstration Method consists of lecture method, question and answer method, test method, problem solving method - etc.

5. In this method, students develop thinking skills, observation skills, comprehension skills and decision-making skills through listening and visual teaching.

6. Students participate equally in the teacher's lesson. As a result they get used to active learning.

7. Here one learns to apply the book based knowledge in a real practical direction.

8. The correct understanding and knowledge of the content is developed in Demonstration Method.

9. The teacher-student relationship can be more healthy in the classroom in Demonstration Method.

10. Students with different abilities can participate equally in lessons. As a result, backward students also benefit greatly from this Demonstration Method.

11. Students develop learning oriented thinking and creative skills.

Disadvantages / Demerits of Demonstration Method.


1. Even if the teacher-student relationship is good, students in many cases do not meet their own learning needs.

2. Even if the teacher conducts the lesson efficiently, he cannot pay proper attention to the individual needs and difficulties of the students.

3. As there is less opportunity to discuss the subject matter, it becomes difficult for all students especially those who are intermediate or behind in learning progress to participate properly in class learning.

4. Again, if the teacher plans lessons for the backward students, then the advanced students will become inattentive in the class.

5. If the teacher fails to apply this method or can't show the skill at different levels, then there is a lack of discipline in the class.

LIST OF ALL NOTES / PROJECTS : CLICK HERE

Share
Tweet
Pin
Share
No comments

Difference between primary group and secondary group:-



Difference between primary group and secondary group:-

Several differences exist between primary and secondary groups. The differences between primary and secondary groups are –

1. Difference based on concept:-
Primary groups refer to groups based on face-to-face, direct and deep relationships and companionship.
On the other hand, secondary group refers to the indirect, external, contractually bound related group formed out of necessity.

2. Example :-
Examples of primary groups are – family, inner group, sports team – etc.
On the other hand, examples of secondary groups are - political parties, states - etc.

3. Origin :-
Primary groups are formed spontaneously or voluntarily.
On the other hand, secondary groups are purposefully formed.

4. Size :-
Primary groups are small in size. The smaller the group size, the stronger the correlation.
On the other hand, secondary groups are very large in size. There are also groups that can live all over the world.

5. Relation of Members :-
Primary groups are formed based on primary relationships. This primary relationship is face-to-face, intimate, personal, cohesive.
On the other hand, secondary relationships are predominant in secondary groups. Such relationship is indirect, external, contractual.

LIST OF ALL NOTES / PROJECTS : CLICK HERE

6. Durability :-
The primary group is relatively long-lived.
On the other hand, secondary groups are usually short-lived or temporary. The sustainability of such groups largely depends on the nature and scope of the objective.

7. Physical Proximity :-
Physical proximity is considered essential in primary groups. A face-to-face relationship does not exist without physical proximity.
On the other hand, physical proximity is necessary but not essential in secondary groups. Moreover, physical proximity is not always possible in large secondary groups.

8. Geographical Range :-
Primary group members are residents of specific geographic areas.
But, members of secondary groups tend to inhabit relatively large geographical areas.

9. Nature of Cooperation :-
The cooperation that occurs between primary group members is largely direct in nature. For example, mother's support towards children.
On the other hand, cooperation between subordinate group members is largely indirect in nature. E.g. - An absentee member only pays the annual subscription which is contributed.

10. Nature of social control and means of control:-
The nature of primary group social control is largely informal. Values, ethos, folk policy, moral code, public opinion etc. are used as means of social control.
On the other hand, the nature of social control of subordinate groups is statutory. Most of the regulations in these cases are written in the form of laws. The means of control are therefore law, police, force etc.

11. Membership :-
Primary group membership is fairly mandatory. As such, each individual is born into his family without his knowledge.
On the other hand, membership in secondary groups is voluntary. Generally, a person cannot be forced to accept membership of a secondary group against his will. However, as an exception, even though the state is a secondary group, its membership is binding on the individual.

12. Group interest:-
The group interest of the primary group is common. Most of the basic needs of life are met by the primary group.
On the other hand, secondary groups are formed around a particular interest. So it is called Special Interest Group.

LIST OF ALL NOTES / PROJECTS : CLICK HERE

13. Communication between members:-
Primary group members are physically close . So communication between them is direct or face to face.
On the other hand, mass media such as mail, radio, television, newspaper, telephone, news media - etc. act as means of communication between the members of secondary groups to stay scattered.

14. Group Structure:-
Primary groups do not have any organizational structure. Hence it is an unorganized and unregulated group.
On the other hand, secondary groups are relatively organized and formal.

15. Effects on personality:-
The role of primary group in shaping the individual's personality is undeniable and essential.
But the influence of secondary groups on personality is not so active.

16. Role in Socialization :-
Primary groups play a very important role in the interaction or socialization between individuals and societies.
But the role of secondary groups in socialization is very negligible.

17. Predominance and Importance:-
Primary groups predominate in most simple, rural, agrarian societies.
On the other hand, secondary groups predominate in highly complex, urban, industrialized modern societies.

18. Number :-
Primary groups are quite few in number.
But the secondary groups are numerous and varied in number.

19. Various Names :-
Gisbert called the primary group the face to face group.
On the other hand C.H. Cooley calls secondary groups “other groups”.

LIST OF ALL NOTES / PROJECTS : CLICK HERE
Share
Tweet
Pin
Share
No comments

Secondary Group : Definition , Features & Importance.  

1. Concept of Secondary Group.
2. Features of Secondary Group.
3. Importance of Secondary Group.




Concept / Definition of Secondary Group :-


Secondary groups are one of the elements of modern society. Secondary groups bear the opposite characteristics of the primary group in nature. Such groups are mainly formed to serve specific purposes. Basically it is made to fulfill various and diverse interests in modern life. Sometimes they are called Special Interest Groups. Interrelationships between members of this group are usually devoid of sincerity or intimacy. Members rarely have face-to-face relationships. Indirect relationships are formed between individuals focused solely on the pursuit of special interests, but are not as deep as primary groups. Moreover, only a few of the members of this group have personal acquaintances - not as extensive as the primary group.

In terms of demographic structure, the members of these secondary groups are not bound by the same emotional ties and a sense of alienation from the core is operative among them. The cooperation that occurs between members of this group is indirect in nature. Numerous secondary -groups exist in society like industrial groups, banks, political parties etc.

We can say about the secondary group, formed with special purpose, a group without deep heart relations among the members, that is the secondary group. It is called a product of modern society. In terms of characteristics, secondary groups carry the opposite characteristics of primary groups.

LIST OF ALL NOTES / PROJECTS : CLICK HERE

Characteristics / Features of secondary groups:-


1. Artificiality :- Secondary group is an artificial organization. It is not created spontaneously or voluntarily. People create it on purpose.

2. Magnitude :- Secondary groups are generally magnified. Its membership is not limited. A class or caste, Rotary Club, religious organizations etc. are examples of large scale secondary groups.

3. Predominance of secondary relationship :- Secondary relationship refers to the indirect, external, contractual, non-exclusive relationship of the members. There is no personal intimacy or solidarity in such relationships. Such relationships are formed only by keeping the needs in mind. Examples of such secondary relationships are relationships between employee-customer, speaker-audience etc.

McIver and Page stated about the nature of the relationship between members of a secondary group that the division that occurs between members of a secondary group is class division.

4. Special Objectives :- Secondary groups are usually formed around specific objectives. The key here is purpose; Personal relationships are secondary. The role of subordinate group members is limited in terms of the salience or priority of the objective. It goes without saying that such groups are formed without interest or purpose. So it is called Special Interest Group.

5. Membership :- As membership in most primary groups is not voluntary by the individual, this is not the case with secondary groups. Accepting or rejecting membership of a secondary group is largely a matter of individual choice. He can join any sub-group as per his need and desire; If the need is satisfied or if he does not like it, he can leave his membership. However, in some cases this exclusion of membership may not depend on the will of the individual. However, membership of secondary groups is not mandatory, and is largely a matter of individual preference. As an exception, the state. 

6. Organizational Structure:- Every secondary -group has a statutory organizational structure by which its activities are regulated. Due to its large membership and size, an organizational aspect is essential and it is desirable to be statutory.

LIST OF ALL NOTES / PROJECTS : CLICK HERE

7. Durability :- Secondary groups are relatively temporary in nature. It usually disappears when its objectives are fulfilled. Its sustainability depends on the nature of the objective. If a secondary group's objectives are found to be diverse and time-consuming to fulfill, they may be sustained a little longer.

8. No need for physical proximity :- Physical proximity is not required in case of members of a minor group. It is possible for the group to survive without it. That is, in this case, the role of contact in relation to social relations is very insignificant. For example, the International Red Cross Society is a secondary group. Its members are spread all over the world.

9. Nature of Control :- Secondary group mainly controls the behavior of its members through some statutory mechanism. Interrelationships among subordinate groups are usually governed by well-defined terms and conditions. The activities of these secondary groups are mechanical or artificial in nature. Here he maintains his control through law, police, courts etc. Moral control Non-statutory means are secondary in this regard, as they are not very effective in controlling the behavior of members.

10. Indirect Communication :- Direct communication between secondary group members is almost nonexistent or not much needed. Since the origin of such groups is not based on face-to-face direct identification i.e. primary relationships, the interaction of these members is not sincere or intimate. Members do not gather in secondary groups unless necessary for personal identification or to gain closeness. Media such as mail, telephone, TV, newspaper etc. act as means of communication among them.

11. Not very effective on personality :- Primary group is said to be the main form of personality, secondary group is not. It is said that the secondary group has no special influence on personality.

12. Indirect Cooperation :- The nature of cooperation of members in such groups is indirect. In all these groups, people independently engage in different activities. Activities are performed through interdependence. This indirect cooperation makes the form of division of labor evident.

13. Status of an individual is role or activity dependent :- The status of the members of these groups is not dependent on their birth characteristics or personal qualities. Their social status depends on the nature of the roles they play. That is, the individual's status in this group is role or activity dependent.

LIST OF ALL NOTES / PROJECTS : CLICK HERE

Importance of Secondary Groups :-


1. Secondary groups are large in size and often have members spread across the globe. A person can widen his circle of contacts by becoming a member of the secondary group. Besides, a person removes ugliness by broadening his outlook, attitude etc. His range of knowledge increases. His thinking, enthusiasm etc. can gain new dimensions. The individual transcends his small field and appears in a larger human field. Narrow attitudes are refined in this vast field. Generosity grows in his heart. In this case, his mentality is particularly influenced by contact with different people. His places of inertia are freed. Therefore, it can be said that the secondary group frees the individual from his narrowness.

2. Certain decades or centuries ago the sphere of livelihood and income of the individual was limited. During this time the main livelihood was agriculture. But with the massive expansion of industry, commerce, cities, etc., the subordinate groups have expanded the sphere of various opportunities before the people. Through these, people get the opportunity to use their thinking and working talents properly in various places. He can work according to his choice and ability. 

3. Subordinate groups regulate the behavior of their members mainly through statutory means. Statutory agencies take a relatively strict stance in this regard and in many cases non-compliance is punishable. So the person obeys or is bound to obey them. Thus, subordinate groups play a particularly effective role in social control and individual discipline.

4. Different secondary groups are formed with different objectives . Individuals are members of different secondary groups simultaneously. He can accumulate different knowledge and experience in different secondary groups. Thus the culture aspect of the individual is specially developed.

5. In modern society, subordinate groups adopt various measures to achieve their goals. In many cases they utilize the knowledge of modern science and technology. Specialized material systems like division of labor also play a special role in this. However, secondary groups play a special role in enhancing the individual's performance, mastery and mental excellence.

6. In the turbulent lifestyle of modern society, individuals often suffer from physical and mental insecurities. In this case, as the individual can satisfy his various needs due to being a member of different groups at the same time, he enjoys more security by being associated with different secondary groups.

7. Secondary groups have an organizational aspect. This organizational aspect keeps track of whether the group's procedures, rules and regulations are being followed properly or not. The effectiveness of this organizational aspect cannot lead to chaos in the group. Subgroups thus maintain cohesion among its members.

8. As the secondary group fulfills various objectives of the individual on the one hand, it also sets various responsibilities and duties before the individual as a member of the group. The individual fulfills all these duties and responsibilities properly. Thus by entering the minor group one becomes responsible and dutiful.

9. Although secondary groups do not have as many functional roles as primary groups in socialization and personality formation, they do have many. There are certain experiences that the individual gains from the minority group, which become very defining of his personality. Again in the case of socialization it can be seen that an individual who is not very socialized by primary groups in early childhood becomes highly socialized later by the influence of secondary groups.

Finally, in today's modern era, the role of secondary groups is very important in the implementation of civilization and culture of human society. Such a group is very well suited to a society with high demands in terms of the social needs of the individual. Hence its acceptance is increasing.

LIST OF ALL NOTES / PROJECTS : CLICK HERE

Share
Tweet
Pin
Share
No comments

Definition , features and importance of Primary Groups.

Concept and definition of primary group:-

Features / Characteristics of primary group:-

Importance of Primary Group :-



[ A ] . Concept and definition of primary group:-

The concept of primary group can be seen as an important work in the thought of American sociologist Charles Horton Cooley. Primary groups exist in every society. The primary group is conceptualized as the nucleus of all organizations. Professor Cooley uses this primary group word in his classification of social groups. He used it in his book ‘Social Organization.’

A primary group is a group based on face-to-face relationships, mutual cooperation and companionship among its members. Intermingled in such relationships is closeness - intimacy. This intimacy instills a deep "we sense" among its members. This we feel is the identity of the primary group's single and integral characteristics.

That is, the primary group is a collection of face-to-face identity members , it is called a face-to-face group because the members have this face-to-face relationship.

Cooley emphasized three main points in the case of primary groups. These are –
1. face-to-face interaction of members,
2. Cooperation relationship and
3. we feel
He also talks about emotions of loyalty, identity determination, friendships etc.

Incidentally, Bottomer's term "main group" is synonymous with the primary group. Primary or face-to-face groups are based on direct personal relationships, in which members use direct rituals with each other. He also said that primary or face-to-face groups, whether short-lived or permanent, are the most effective means of socialization and the basic element of social organization. Such groups include family, playmates, playgroups, intimate groups.

LIST OF ALL NOTES / PROJECTS : CLICK HERE

[ B ] . Features / Characteristics of primary group:-


1. Primary Relationship :- The essential aspect of primary group is the direct or face-to-face relationship of its members. Direct communication establishes the primary relationship between primary group members. This relationship is usually one and the same.

2. Consistency of Objectives :- Objectives and attitudes of members of the primary group are more or less uniform and homogenous. Members strive collectively to achieve this common goal. According to Professor Kingsley Davies, the objective similarity of the primary group members creates a psychological unity of personality within the group.

3. Selfishness of Relationships :- Primary group members do not have any self-interest in their relationships. This relationship is not based on any financial gain or loss. Self-interest or the pursuit of one's own goals does not exist in such relationships. The true love relationship of husband and wife is one of the examples of this primary relationship.

4. Personal Relations :- The mutual relations of the members of the primary group are purely personal in nature. This relationship is not bound by any regulations. These relationships contain the necessary ingredients for the unfolding of interpersonal tenderness.

5. Depth of Relationship :- The relationship between the primary group members is quite deep. As this relationship gets very deep, human factors such as love, respect, sympathy, cooperation, altruism etc. are mixed in the relationship of the members.

6. Spontaneity :- Primary relationship is completely optional. Individuals are automatically bound by this relationship. A person is not bound by this relationship at the behest of another or by any agreement. A person does not form a primary relationship with another at the behest of another or by any agreement. Moreover, this relationship does not go according to plan.

7. Small in size :- Primary group is mainly small in size. The smaller the group size, the deeper the primary ties. In fact, because physical proximity is essential to primary groups, this physical proximity is only possible when members are confined within a relatively small area.

8. Physical Proximity :- Primary group is also called Face to face group. "Face-to-face" refers to the physical proximity of two or more persons. This trait is definitely present in primary relationships.

LIST OF ALL NOTES / PROJECTS : CLICK HERE

9. Durability :- Primary groups are fairly permanent. Initial rapport takes some time to develop. This amount of time is sufficient to prove group stability.

10. Similarity of members :- The members of the primary group have many things in common. Their social background is more or less the same. For their culture, intelligence, thinking, social values, mentality, lifestyle etc. to be similar, sense of unity, sincerity, solidarity, cooperation etc. can easily develop among them.

11. Limitation of self-interest :- In primary groups the individual interests of the members are less important than the interests of the group. Here individuals often sacrifice their own interests for the sake of relationships. For mutual sincerity, loyalty, the members of the group consider themselves as partners in the common interests of the group, so they rise above their own interests and extend a hand of support and cooperation to meet the common interests of the group.

12. Purposelessness :- Primary group is not formed with any particular purpose. Rather, it can be said that its purpose is common. Almost most of the needs of individual and social life are fulfilled by such groups.

13. Direct Cooperation :- Direct cooperation refers to the cooperation that individuals provide directly to others. The cooperative tendencies observed among primary group members are largely direct in nature.

14. Predominance of Collective Interest :- Members of the primary group strive together to fulfill their interests by virtue of being members of the same group. They behave cooperatively with each other in this regard. In this case, their own interests are of a secondary nature.

15. Communication :- Any relationship is basically formed in two ways - contact and communication. Communication among group members is an important element, as is physical proximity. Face-to-face relationship, solidarity between each other develops only through communication.

16. Cosmopolitanism:- In almost every human society the existence of primary groups is visible. It is a universal form. Cooley said in his book Social Organization, people are gradually becoming more aware of each other as a result of increasing communication. Hatred is gradually decreasing through social organization. As a result, primary group emotions are expanding in various areas of the human race, but in today's real society, such optimism is considered an exaggeration or myth.

LIST OF ALL NOTES / PROJECTS : CLICK HERE

[ C ] Importance of Primary Group :-


1. Primary groups are important means of socialization. Primitive groups reveal the social nature of man. Man became a social organism under the supervision and direct cooperation of primary groups. In McIver's words, "Primary groups are the nursery of human nature."

2. The role of the primary group in the development of human personality is undeniable. According to Cooley, the primary group is the main shaper of the individual's personality. According to him, the primary group plays a fundamental role in determining human social nature and ideals. In fact, the elements of personality such as love, justice, values etc. of the individual are exposed and developed through the primary groups. It is identified by many as the gateway to personality development.

3. Primary groups satisfy our emotional needs. It is as a member of the primary group that the individual derives his emotional feelings of happiness, security, companionship, etc. Moreover, he gets the opportunity to express his emotions, sorrows, pains, feelings etc. to his members. His spontaneity in this matter was revealed in the primary group. Due to this human virtues such as affection, love, respect, love, sympathy, compassion etc. are exposed - cultivated and refined.

4. Primary group members are deeply motivated by the ``we sense''. This sense of self motivates him to understand the good and bad of others and extend a helping hand. Thus the self-centeredness and selfishness of the individual is corrected with the help of the primary group.

5. Primary group members collectively strive to accomplish multiple goals. This grouping gives the individual the motivation, encouragement, and motivation to fulfill the interests of the group.

6. The primary group inculcates group spirit among its members.

7. It is through primary groups that the tender instincts of the individual heart are discovered and developed.

8. Various physical, social and mental problems of people can be solved through the primary group. He can openly talk about various problems of the individual to the other members of the group. Because members are deeply empathetic and cooperative with each other, others also cooperate in solving these problems. Thus the role of the primary group in solving various problems of the individual is undeniable.

9. As a primary member the individual develops the idea that he is not alone or isolated from others in society. He feels that he will get the help of others in his distress, sorrow. Primary group thus provides social security to any of its members.

10. Primary groups have several rules. As these are obeyed spontaneously by its members, some rules are forced upon its members to obey. By these rules, the primary group controls the behavior of individuals as one of the means of social control on the one hand; Similarly, on the other hand, the individual teaches people to be disciplined.

11. Individuals tend to conform to social norms within the primary group. Individuals practice these things under the influence of socialization and social control as part of a collective lifestyle. Thus the primary groups became one of the bearers of social custom, folklore, folk policy.

12. It is the primary groups that give the individual his identity as a social organism. For example, family is a primary group, we are members of some family. Our identity in social life is determined by our family.

13. Primary groups play one of the main roles in maintaining social cohesion .

LIST OF ALL NOTES / PROJECTS : CLICK HERE

Share
Tweet
Pin
Share
No comments
Newer Posts
Older Posts

Contact Form

Name

Email *

Message *

About me

Hellow viewers, myself Nandan Dutta reside at Maheshpur ,Malda, West Bengal, India.

My intent to make the website is to share my view and knowledge to the HS students. They can easily find projects, HS suggestion and many more here.


Categories

  • Career (3)
  • CLASS 11 (XI) (1)
  • Class XI 1st Semester (7)
  • CLASS XI 2nd Semester (16)
  • H.S. 3rd SEM (9)
  • H.S. 4th SEM (10)
  • H.S. EDUCATION (5)
  • H.S. HISTORY (1)
  • HS SOCIOLOGY (2)
  • HS SUGGESTION (1)
  • INDIAN HISTORY (44)
  • NCERT (1)
  • POLITY (62)
  • PROJECT (98)
  • Sociological Studies (79)
  • Teaching & Education (128)
  • TEST PAPERS SOLVE (11)
  • TEST PAPERS SOLVE 2020 (7)
  • WORLD HISTORY (53)
  • XI EDUCATION (7)
  • XI HISTORY (3)
  • XI POL SC (1)
  • XI SOCIOLOGY (1)
  • XII Bengali (1)
  • XII Sanskrit (1)

recent posts

Sponsor

Facebook

Blog Archive

  • June 2026 (3)
  • December 2025 (5)
  • November 2025 (7)
  • October 2025 (2)
  • September 2025 (1)
  • August 2025 (10)
  • July 2025 (14)
  • June 2025 (4)
  • May 2025 (23)
  • April 2025 (75)
  • March 2025 (32)
  • December 2024 (5)
  • November 2024 (70)
  • October 2024 (1)
  • September 2024 (1)
  • July 2024 (5)
  • June 2024 (3)
  • April 2024 (2)
  • March 2024 (3)
  • February 2024 (11)
  • January 2024 (1)
  • November 2023 (4)
  • October 2023 (8)
  • September 2023 (10)
  • April 2023 (9)
  • March 2023 (18)
  • February 2023 (2)
  • January 2023 (1)
  • December 2022 (3)
  • November 2022 (3)
  • October 2022 (4)
  • September 2022 (16)
  • August 2022 (3)
  • July 2022 (5)
  • June 2022 (5)
  • April 2022 (23)
  • March 2022 (10)
  • February 2022 (18)
  • January 2022 (30)
  • December 2021 (8)
  • November 2021 (12)
  • October 2021 (2)
  • September 2021 (5)
  • August 2021 (2)
  • July 2021 (2)
  • June 2021 (5)
  • May 2021 (1)
  • April 2021 (2)
  • November 2020 (1)
  • October 2020 (1)
  • August 2020 (2)
  • June 2020 (3)
  • May 2020 (1)
  • October 2019 (3)
  • September 2019 (5)
  • August 2019 (3)
  • June 2019 (3)
  • May 2019 (3)
  • April 2019 (1)
  • March 2019 (2)
  • February 2019 (3)
  • December 2018 (1)
  • November 2018 (3)
  • October 2018 (4)
  • August 2018 (1)

Total Pageviews

Report Abuse

About Me

subhankar dutta
View my complete profile

Sponsor

Pages

  • Home
  • Project
  • জাতীà§Ÿ শিক্ষানীতি 1986 SAQ
  • EDU FINAL A 2020
  • Class XI ( Class 11 ) Sociology chapter wise MCQ &...
  • Class 12 (H.S.) History Chapter Wise MCQ & SAQ
  • Class 11 (XI) Sociology 1st chapter MCQ & SAQ
  • H.S. Sociology notes .
  • H.S. Sociology 1st chapter MCQ & SAQ ( only reduce...
  • H.S. Education 10th chapter SAQ & MCQ
  • H.S. Education 10th chapter MCQ & SAQ
  • CLASS 12 SOCIOLOGY 4TH CHAPTER SAQ WITH ANSWER

Pages

  • About Me
  • Contact
  • Privacy Policy
  • Disclaimer

Created with by ThemeXpose | Distributed by Blogger Templates